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Generalized circle

A circle or a line -- the two kinds of set every Möbius transformation sends to another one.

A generalized circle (sometimes called a circline) is either an ordinary circle or a straight line in the complex plane, treated as two cases of one family. A line is naturally viewed as a circle of infinite radius, or as a circle passing through the point at infinity on the Riemann sphere. Bundling the two together matters because every Möbius transformation sends generalized circles to generalized circles -- a line can become a circle and a circle can become a line -- and which one happens is decided by whether the image passes through the transformation's pole.

Examples

  • Inversion w=1/z sends the line \operatorname{Re}(z)=1 (which misses the origin) to a circle through the origin.

  • Inversion sends any circle through the origin to a line, since the one point that would map to \infty lies on that circle.

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