camera calibration
Estimating a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters from known point correspondences.
Camera calibration recovers a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, and its distortion coefficients, by observing a target whose true 3D geometry is known (commonly a checkerboard) at several poses and solving for the parameters that best explain the observed image points.
Examples
Photographing a checkerboard from a dozen different angles and distances gives enough correspondences to solve for both the intrinsic matrix and the lens distortion coefficients at once.
Point table
Graph settings
Calculator