Skip to content
Free public beta until December 4, 2026: every course is open, no card needed. After that, the first chapter of each course stays free and full access is a one-time $39 ($19 for up to 100 founding members chosen for helpful feedback). Your progress is kept. How the beta works

iterator invalidation

A container change that leaves existing iterators, pointers, or references pointing at stale memory.

An operation invalidates an iterator (or pointer or reference) when it may move or destroy the element it refers to; each container documents which operations invalidate what, and using an invalidated iterator is undefined behavior.

Read the full section →