Skip to content
Free public beta until December 4, 2026: every course is open, no card needed. After that, the first chapter of each course stays free and full access is a one-time $39 ($19 for up to 100 founding members chosen for helpful feedback). Your progress is kept. How the beta works

LED

A diode that gives off light when current flows through it the right way.

A light-emitting diode conducts from anode to cathode once the voltage passes its forward voltage (about 1.8 to 3.2 V depending on colour). It is non-linear, so it always needs something, usually a series resistor, to limit its current.

Read the full section →