Skip to content
Free public beta until December 4, 2026: every course is open, no card needed. After that, the first chapter of each course stays free and full access is a one-time $39 ($19 for up to 100 founding members chosen for helpful feedback). Your progress is kept. How the beta works

well-defined

An operation defined in terms of representatives is well-defined when its result never depends on which representative was chosen.

Examples

  • Coset multiplication (g_1N)(g_2N)=(g_1g_2)N is well-defined exactly when N is normal -- picking different representatives g_1,g_2 always gives the same product coset.

Read the full section →
Graph settings

Calculator