password hashing
Storing a password as a slow, salted fingerprint instead of the password itself.
Passwords are stored as the output of a deliberately slow, salted hash such as Argon2id, so a stolen database doesn't reveal them.
Examples
Argon2::default().hash_password(b"sunshine1")gives a string starting$argon2id$; hashing the same password twice gives different strings, because each gets a new salt.
See also