authentication
Proving who you are -- a device showing the broker a username and password or a certificate.
Authentication is the step in which a party proves its claimed identity to another, by a shared secret, a signed challenge or a certificate chain; it says nothing yet about what that party may do.
Examples
Bench node
gh-a1sends its username and password in CONNECT; ifmosquitto_passwdnever registered that pair, the broker refuses it in CONNACK and no session starts.
See also