offline queue
The fixed-size buffer where a device keeps readings it couldn't send yet.
An offline queue is a bounded first-in-first-out buffer, often a ring buffer, whose capacity and drop policy decide which readings survive a long outage.
Examples
An 8-hour outage at one 24-byte reading per minute needs 480 slots, about 11 KB of the ESP32's RAM.
A queue of 8 slots holds only 8 of the 12 readings taken during a 120 s outage at one reading every 10 s.