polling
Asking a server again and again whether anything has changed.
Polling repeats a request on a timer to discover changes, trading latency (up to one interval) against wasted requests and battery.
Examples
A dashboard polling every 30 s makes 120 requests an hour, and about 97% of them answer "nothing new".
With polling, a valve change shows up on average 15 s later and at worst 30 s later.