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spectral leakage

A frequency between two bins spreading its energy into both, so neither shows its full size.

Spectral leakage is the spreading of a sinusoid's energy across DFT bins when its frequency is not an integer multiple of f_s/N.

Examples

  • The lab's fan turns at 23.5 Hz, between bins, so Goertzel on a clean 40 mg sine gives about 25.7 mg at 23 Hz and 25.2 mg at 24 Hz, not 40.

  • Summing neighbouring bins, or choosing a window length that puts the frequency on a bin, works around spectral leakage.

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