vendor lock-in
Being tied to one provider because moving away would cost too much.
Vendor lock-in is the cost of switching providers created by proprietary APIs, data formats, identities and rules that would have to be rebuilt elsewhere.
Examples
Firmware that publishes to
$aws/things/<thing-name>/shadow/...instead ofgh1/<device-id>/...ties every deployed greenhouse node to one cloud, since moving means updating devices in the field.