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matrix exponential

The particular fundamental matrix, built from the same power series as e^x, that equals the identity at t=0.

The matrix exponential e^{At}=I+At+\frac{(At)^2}{2!}+\cdots is the unique fundamental matrix of \mathbf{x}'=A\mathbf{x} satisfying e^{A\cdot0}=I; the solution to any initial condition \mathbf{x}(0)=\mathbf{x}_0 is \mathbf{x}(t)=e^{At}\mathbf{x}_0.

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