Skip to content
Free public beta until December 4, 2026: every course is open, no card needed. After that, the first chapter of each course stays free and full access is a one-time $39 ($19 for up to 100 founding members chosen for helpful feedback). Your progress is kept. How the beta works

vector-valued solution

A solution to a system, written as a vector of functions rather than one function.

A vector-valued solution of \mathbf{x}'=A\mathbf{x} is a vector function \mathbf{x}(t)=(x_1(t),\ldots,x_n(t)) satisfying the system at every t; linear independence of several such solutions is tested with the vector Wronskian, the determinant of the matrix formed from them.

Read the full section →
Graph settings

Calculator