grapheme cluster
What a reader sees as one character, which may be several chars.
A grapheme cluster is a user-perceived character as defined by Unicode's UAX #29 (for example e plus a combining accent, or an emoji sequence); Rust's standard library does not split them, the unicode-segmentation crate does.
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Examples
"e\u{301}"shows as one é but haschars().count()2 andlen()3.
See also