Computer Vision
From pixels to perception -- classical geometric vision (features, cameras, stereo, motion) through modern learned vision (detection, segmentation, embeddings, vision-language models), built on Digital Image Processing and Linear Algebra.
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- Chapter overview
- Images as tensors: shape, channels, and batches ~12 min
- Convolution and kernels, recalled ~13 min
- Gradients and edges, recalled ~12 min
- Fourier intuition, recalled ~12 min
- Segmentation basics, recalled ~13 min
- PCA and eigen-decomposition, recalled ~13 min
- What a neuron and backpropagation are ~11 min
1 What is computer vision? π
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- Computer vision, image processing, machine learning, and deep learning ~18 min
- The perception pipeline, and how computer vision got here ~18 min
- Image understanding vs. generation: what does a computer actually see? ~15 min
2 Image acquisition and cameras π
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- Sensors, lenses, and exposure ~16 min
- Sampling and aliasing at the sensor ~16 min
- Bayer filters, demosaicing, and a first pass at calibration ~16 min
3 Contours and shape analysis π
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- Tracing and describing a shape's boundary ~14 min
- Moments and Hu moments ~16 min
- Contour approximation ~13 min
4 Local features and keypoint detection π
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- What makes a good keypoint ~14 min
- Corner detection: Harris, Shi-Tomasi, and FAST ~24 min
- SIFT, ORB, and BRIEF descriptors ~24 min
5 Feature matching and RANSAC π
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- Matching descriptors across two images ~16 min
- RANSAC as a general robust-fitting idea ~16 min
- The feature-matching recipe ~16 min
6 Projective geometry π
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- Homogeneous coordinates ~15 min
- Affine vs. projective transforms ~16 min
- Homography ~18 min
7 Camera geometry and calibration π
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- The pinhole model and the camera matrix ~22 min
- Lens distortion and calibration ~20 min
- The camera calibration recipe ~18 min
8 Stereo vision and 3D reconstruction π
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- Epipolar geometry ~20 min
- Disparity and triangulation ~22 min
- Dense vs. sparse correspondence, and point clouds ~20 min
9 Structure from motion and SLAM π
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- Pose estimation and two-frame structure from motion ~18 min
- Multi-frame structure from motion and bundle adjustment ~18 min
- Visual SLAM and loop closure ~18 min
10 Classical machine learning for vision π
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- Turning an image into a feature vector ~18 min
- Classifying a feature vector: k-NN, SVM, and random forests ~22 min
- K-means and PCA for vision ~20 min
- Classical features vs. a neural network: the honest comparison ~16 min
11 Neurons, training, and CNNs for images π
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- Forward pass, loss, and gradients: for a vision task ~16 min
- Convolution as a learned operation, pooling, and receptive fields ~26 min
- Training discipline: splits, augmentation, and overfitting ~22 min
- Transfer learning and fine-tuning ~24 min
12 Choosing a backbone: modern architectures π
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- CNN architecture families, a survey ~20 min
- Patches, attention, and Vision Transformers ~20 min
- Choosing a backbone: the decision framework ~22 min
13 Object detection π
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- Bounding boxes, IoU, and confidence ~16 min
- Non-max suppression ~15 min
- One-stage, two-stage, and transformer detectors ~14 min
- Precision, recall, and mAP ~18 min
14 Semantic and instance segmentation π
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- Semantic vs. instance segmentation ~19 min
- FCN, U-Net, and Mask R-CNN ~21 min
- Dice and IoU for segmentation ~17 min
15 Vision foundation models and promptable segmentation π
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- Point-, box-, and text-prompted segmentation ~18 min
- Segmenting every instance of a concept ~16 min
- From task-specific training to promptable foundation models ~14 min
16 Image embeddings and retrieval π
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- Latent spaces and image embeddings ~16 min
- Cosine similarity and nearest-neighbor search ~20 min
- Retrieval pipelines and why generic embeddings win ~18 min
17 Vision-language models π
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- Contrastive image-text embedding ~20 min
- Zero-shot classification and retrieval ~22 min
- Multimodal assistants: captioning and VQA ~14 min
18 Optical character recognition and document vision π
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- The OCR pipeline: detection vs. recognition ~17 min
- Document preprocessing and layout analysis ~18 min
- The complete pipeline, worked end to end ~19 min
19 Video, motion, and tracking π
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- Optical flow and background subtraction ~22 min
- Kalman-filter tracking ~20 min
- Multi-object tracking and occlusion ~22 min
20 Human pose and depth/3D vision π
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- 2D/3D pose keypoints and skeletons ~24 min
- Monocular depth estimation ~20 min
- Neural scene representation: NeRF vs. 3D Gaussian Splatting ~20 min
21 Generative vision, briefly π
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- Autoencoders and VAEs ~12 min
- GANs ~11 min
- Diffusion models ~11 min
22 Evaluation, deployment, and the complete vision pipeline π
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- Cross-task evaluation vocabulary ~20 min
- Quantization and ONNX export ~18 min
- The complete pipeline, and capstone projects ~22 min
Appendices
Reference chapters on the tools the course uses. Dip in when a lab or a section sends you here; they are not part of the course exam.
A Appendix A: Cloud and Notebook Environments for Vision π
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- Colab and Kaggle: free GPU notebooks ~9 min
- Hugging Face Spaces and your first Gradio demo ~9 min
- Other cloud options: a quick comparison ~7 min
B Appendix B: The Vision Model Hub π
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- Model cards, dataset cards, and loading a pretrained model ~14 min
- Inference vs. fine-tuning, and choosing a model for your hardware ~14 min
- Quantization and ONNX export in practice ~15 min
C Appendix C: Technology Watch π
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- Detection and segmentation -- current practice ~8 min
- Embeddings and vision-language models -- current practice ~8 min
- Applied recognition and 3D scene representation -- current practice ~9 min