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Computer Vision

From pixels to perception -- classical geometric vision (features, cameras, stereo, motion) through modern learned vision (detection, segmentation, embeddings, vision-language models), built on Digital Image Processing and Linear Algebra.

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1 What is computer vision? πŸ”’

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  • Computer vision, image processing, machine learning, and deep learning ~18 min
  • The perception pipeline, and how computer vision got here ~18 min
  • Image understanding vs. generation: what does a computer actually see? ~15 min

2 Image acquisition and cameras πŸ”’

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  • Sensors, lenses, and exposure ~16 min
  • Sampling and aliasing at the sensor ~16 min
  • Bayer filters, demosaicing, and a first pass at calibration ~16 min

3 Contours and shape analysis πŸ”’

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  • Tracing and describing a shape's boundary ~14 min
  • Moments and Hu moments ~16 min
  • Contour approximation ~13 min

4 Local features and keypoint detection πŸ”’

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  • What makes a good keypoint ~14 min
  • Corner detection: Harris, Shi-Tomasi, and FAST ~24 min
  • SIFT, ORB, and BRIEF descriptors ~24 min

5 Feature matching and RANSAC πŸ”’

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  • Matching descriptors across two images ~16 min
  • RANSAC as a general robust-fitting idea ~16 min
  • The feature-matching recipe ~16 min

6 Projective geometry πŸ”’

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  • Homogeneous coordinates ~15 min
  • Affine vs. projective transforms ~16 min
  • Homography ~18 min

7 Camera geometry and calibration πŸ”’

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  • The pinhole model and the camera matrix ~22 min
  • Lens distortion and calibration ~20 min
  • The camera calibration recipe ~18 min

8 Stereo vision and 3D reconstruction πŸ”’

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  • Epipolar geometry ~20 min
  • Disparity and triangulation ~22 min
  • Dense vs. sparse correspondence, and point clouds ~20 min

9 Structure from motion and SLAM πŸ”’

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  • Pose estimation and two-frame structure from motion ~18 min
  • Multi-frame structure from motion and bundle adjustment ~18 min
  • Visual SLAM and loop closure ~18 min

10 Classical machine learning for vision πŸ”’

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  • Turning an image into a feature vector ~18 min
  • Classifying a feature vector: k-NN, SVM, and random forests ~22 min
  • K-means and PCA for vision ~20 min
  • Classical features vs. a neural network: the honest comparison ~16 min

11 Neurons, training, and CNNs for images πŸ”’

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  • Forward pass, loss, and gradients: for a vision task ~16 min
  • Convolution as a learned operation, pooling, and receptive fields ~26 min
  • Training discipline: splits, augmentation, and overfitting ~22 min
  • Transfer learning and fine-tuning ~24 min

12 Choosing a backbone: modern architectures πŸ”’

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  • CNN architecture families, a survey ~20 min
  • Patches, attention, and Vision Transformers ~20 min
  • Choosing a backbone: the decision framework ~22 min

13 Object detection πŸ”’

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  • Bounding boxes, IoU, and confidence ~16 min
  • Non-max suppression ~15 min
  • One-stage, two-stage, and transformer detectors ~14 min
  • Precision, recall, and mAP ~18 min

14 Semantic and instance segmentation πŸ”’

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  • Semantic vs. instance segmentation ~19 min
  • FCN, U-Net, and Mask R-CNN ~21 min
  • Dice and IoU for segmentation ~17 min

15 Vision foundation models and promptable segmentation πŸ”’

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  • Point-, box-, and text-prompted segmentation ~18 min
  • Segmenting every instance of a concept ~16 min
  • From task-specific training to promptable foundation models ~14 min

16 Image embeddings and retrieval πŸ”’

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  • Latent spaces and image embeddings ~16 min
  • Cosine similarity and nearest-neighbor search ~20 min
  • Retrieval pipelines and why generic embeddings win ~18 min

17 Vision-language models πŸ”’

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  • Contrastive image-text embedding ~20 min
  • Zero-shot classification and retrieval ~22 min
  • Multimodal assistants: captioning and VQA ~14 min

18 Optical character recognition and document vision πŸ”’

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  • The OCR pipeline: detection vs. recognition ~17 min
  • Document preprocessing and layout analysis ~18 min
  • The complete pipeline, worked end to end ~19 min

19 Video, motion, and tracking πŸ”’

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  • Optical flow and background subtraction ~22 min
  • Kalman-filter tracking ~20 min
  • Multi-object tracking and occlusion ~22 min

20 Human pose and depth/3D vision πŸ”’

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  • 2D/3D pose keypoints and skeletons ~24 min
  • Monocular depth estimation ~20 min
  • Neural scene representation: NeRF vs. 3D Gaussian Splatting ~20 min

21 Generative vision, briefly πŸ”’

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  • Autoencoders and VAEs ~12 min
  • GANs ~11 min
  • Diffusion models ~11 min

22 Evaluation, deployment, and the complete vision pipeline πŸ”’

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  • Cross-task evaluation vocabulary ~20 min
  • Quantization and ONNX export ~18 min
  • The complete pipeline, and capstone projects ~22 min

Appendices

Reference chapters on the tools the course uses. Dip in when a lab or a section sends you here; they are not part of the course exam.

A Appendix A: Cloud and Notebook Environments for Vision πŸ”’

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  • Colab and Kaggle: free GPU notebooks ~9 min
  • Hugging Face Spaces and your first Gradio demo ~9 min
  • Other cloud options: a quick comparison ~7 min

B Appendix B: The Vision Model Hub πŸ”’

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  • Model cards, dataset cards, and loading a pretrained model ~14 min
  • Inference vs. fine-tuning, and choosing a model for your hardware ~14 min
  • Quantization and ONNX export in practice ~15 min

C Appendix C: Technology Watch πŸ”’

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  • Detection and segmentation -- current practice ~8 min
  • Embeddings and vision-language models -- current practice ~8 min
  • Applied recognition and 3D scene representation -- current practice ~9 min