LoRaWAN
The network system on top of LoRa: devices send to gateways, which pass messages to a network server.
LoRaWAN is a star-of-stars network protocol in which end devices transmit to any gateway in range, gateways forward to a network server, and downlinks are tightly limited.
Examples
A 12-byte reading becomes a 25-byte LoRaWAN frame, which adds 13 bytes of header and integrity code.
A field sensor's packet is picked up by any nearby gateway, which forwards it to the network server.
See also