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spreading factor

A LoRa setting that trades speed for range: higher means slower but farther.

The spreading factor (SF7-SF12) sets how long each LoRa symbol lasts; each step up roughly doubles airtime, extending range and battery cost.

Examples

  • Each step from SF7 to SF12 doubles the symbol time: 1.024 ms at SF7, 32.768 ms at SF12 at 125 kHz.

  • A sensor far from the gateway uses SF12 to be heard, at the cost of over a second per 12-byte packet.

See also

LoRa duty-cycle limit LoRaWAN
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