static analysis
Finding likely bugs by reading code without running it.
Static analysis examines source code without executing it to report patterns that are often defects (uninitialised reads, out-of-range indexes, null dereferences); cppcheck, clang-tidy and Clippy are examples.
Examples
cppcheck reads the node's C++ source and flags an index past the end of an array without ever running the code.
Clippy run with
-D warningsdoes static analysis for the Rust firmware; its findings are suppressed one by one with a comment, not switched off.