provisioning
Getting the settings a device needs (like Wi-Fi credentials) onto it after it's built, without editing its code.
Provisioning delivers per-installation settings -- Wi-Fi credentials, broker address, identity -- to a device in the field over a SoftAP portal, BLE, serial or a factory process, and stores them in non-volatile storage.
Examples
Instead of compiling
YOUR_WIFI_SSIDinto the sketch, provisioning puts the SSID, passphrase and broker address onto each board after it is built.A board can be provisioned through a SoftAP setup portal, by BLE from a phone app, or over the serial cable.
See also